Séminaire LMGP - 29/05/2018 - Pr Aurélien DENIAUD

Associate Pr., Aurélien DENIAUD
Laboratory of Chemistry and Biology of Metals - CEA Grenoble / Univ. Grenoble Alpes

Abstract
Since the 1990s, the rapid expansion of nanotechnologies has led to massive production of engineered nanoparticles (NPs), referring to particles smaller than 100 nm. This nm size elicits reactions with cells with a level of toxicity that is both linked to their dimensions and chemical properties, leading to the emergence of the field of nanotoxicology.
In the case of inorganic nanomaterials, two cases can be differentiated with completely different behaviors in organisms. On the one hand, materials that do not dissociate into ions, such as TiO2NP or AuNP, remains as NPs and mainly trigger inflammation mechanisms. On the other hand, many metal NPs (CuONP, ZnONP, AgNP, Fe2O3NP) dissociate into ions over time and various species co-exist in the organisms leading to more complex toxicity mechanisms that firstly depend on the physiological presence of the released element.
In this seminar, we will present generalities concerning metal nanoparticles organism and cellular uptake including physiological barriers crossing, biodistribution and toxicity mechanisms. We will then show the results obtained with CuONP and AgNP and correlate in vitro and in cellulo data. In the case of AgNP, we will emphasize the input of imaging approaches, such as X-ray fluorescence nanoimaging, for the understanding of AgNP transformation within hepatocytes.